GNU Wget
The noninteractive downloading utility
Updated for Wget 1.6, Dec 2000
by Hrvoje Nik@v{s}i'{c} and the developers
@dircategory Net Utilities
@dircategory World Wide Web
* Wget: (wget). The non-interactive network downloader.
Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
Invariant Sections being "GNU General Public License" and "GNU Free
Documentation License", with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section
entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
GNU Wget is a freely available network utility to retrieve files from
the World Wide Web, using HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) and
FTP (File Transfer Protocol), the two most widely used Internet
protocols. It has many useful features to make downloading easier, some
of them being:
-
Wget is non-interactive, meaning that it can work in the background,
while the user is not logged on. This allows you to start a retrieval
and disconnect from the system, letting Wget finish the work. By
contrast, most of the Web browsers require constant user's presence,
which can be a great hindrance when transferring a lot of data.
-
Wget is capable of descending recursively through the structure of
HTML documents and FTP directory trees, making a local copy of
the directory hierarchy similar to the one on the remote server. This
feature can be used to mirror archives and home pages, or traverse the
web in search of data, like a WWW robot (see section Robots). In that
spirit, Wget understands the
norobots
convention.
-
File name wildcard matching and recursive mirroring of directories are
available when retrieving via FTP. Wget can read the time-stamp
information given by both HTTP and FTP servers, and store it
locally. Thus Wget can see if the remote file has changed since last
retrieval, and automatically retrieve the new version if it has. This
makes Wget suitable for mirroring of FTP sites, as well as home
pages.
-
Wget works exceedingly well on slow or unstable connections,
retrying the document until it is fully retrieved, or until a
user-specified retry count is surpassed. It will try to resume the
download from the point of interruption, using
REST
with FTP
and Range
with HTTP servers that support them.
-
By default, Wget supports proxy servers, which can lighten the network
load, speed up retrieval and provide access behind firewalls. However,
if you are behind a firewall that requires that you use a socks style
gateway, you can get the socks library and build Wget with support for
socks. Wget also supports the passive FTP downloading as an
option.
-
Builtin features offer mechanisms to tune which links you wish to follow
(see section Following Links).
-
The retrieval is conveniently traced with printing dots, each dot
representing a fixed amount of data received (1KB by default). These
representations can be customized to your preferences.
-
Most of the features are fully configurable, either through command line
options, or via the initialization file `.wgetrc' (see section Startup File). Wget allows you to define global startup files
(`/usr/local/etc/wgetrc' by default) for site settings.
-
Finally, GNU Wget is free software. This means that everyone may use
it, redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General
Public License, as published by the Free Software Foundation
(see section Copying).
By default, Wget is very simple to invoke. The basic syntax is:
wget [option]... [URL]...
Wget will simply download all the URLs specified on the command
line. URL is a Uniform Resource Locator, as defined below.
However, you may wish to change some of the default parameters of
Wget. You can do it two ways: permanently, adding the appropriate
command to `.wgetrc' (see section Startup File), or specifying it on
the command line.
URL is an acronym for Uniform Resource Locator. A uniform
resource locator is a compact string representation for a resource
available via the Internet. Wget recognizes the URL syntax as per
RFC1738. This is the most widely used form (square brackets denote
optional parts):
http://host[:port]/directory/file
ftp://host[:port]/directory/file
You can also encode your username and password within a URL:
ftp://user:password@host/path
http://user:password@host/path
Either user or password, or both, may be left out. If you
leave out either the HTTP username or password, no authentication
will be sent. If you leave out the FTP username, `anonymous'
will be used. If you leave out the FTP password, your email
address will be supplied as a default password.(1)
You can encode unsafe characters in a URL as `%xy', xy
being the hexadecimal representation of the character's ASCII
value. Some common unsafe characters include `%' (quoted as
`%25'), `:' (quoted as `%3A'), and `@' (quoted as
`%40'). Refer to RFC1738 for a comprehensive list of unsafe
characters.
Wget also supports the type
feature for FTP URLs. By
default, FTP documents are retrieved in the binary mode (type
`i'), which means that they are downloaded unchanged. Another
useful mode is the `a' (ASCII) mode, which converts the line
delimiters between the different operating systems, and is thus useful
for text files. Here is an example:
ftp://host/directory/file;type=a
Two alternative variants of URL specification are also supported,
because of historical (hysterical?) reasons and their widespreaded use.
FTP-only syntax (supported by NcFTP
):
host:/dir/file
HTTP-only syntax (introduced by Netscape
):
host[:port]/dir/file
These two alternative forms are deprecated, and may cease being
supported in the future.
If you do not understand the difference between these notations, or do
not know which one to use, just use the plain ordinary format you use
with your favorite browser, like Lynx
or Netscape
.
Since Wget uses GNU getopts to process its arguments, every option has a
short form and a long form. Long options are more convenient to
remember, but take time to type. You may freely mix different option
styles, or specify options after the command-line arguments. Thus you
may write:
wget -r --tries=10 http://fly.srk.fer.hr/ -o log
The space between the option accepting an argument and the argument may
be omitted. Instead `-o log' you can write `-olog'.
You may put several options that do not require arguments together,
like:
wget -drc URL
This is a complete equivalent of:
wget -d -r -c URL
Since the options can be specified after the arguments, you may
terminate them with `--'. So the following will try to download
URL `-x', reporting failure to `log':
wget -o log -- -x
The options that accept comma-separated lists all respect the convention
that specifying an empty list clears its value. This can be useful to
clear the `.wgetrc' settings. For instance, if your `.wgetrc'
sets exclude_directories
to `/cgi-bin', the following
example will first reset it, and then set it to exclude `/~nobody'
and `/~somebody'. You can also clear the lists in `.wgetrc'
(see section Wgetrc Syntax).
wget -X '' -X /~nobody,/~somebody
- `-V'
-
- `--version'
-
Display the version of Wget.
- `-h'
-
- `--help'
-
Print a help message describing all of Wget's command-line options.
- `-b'
-
- `--background'
-
Go to background immediately after startup. If no output file is
specified via the `-o', output is redirected to `wget-log'.
- `-e command'
-
- `--execute command'
-
Execute command as if it were a part of `.wgetrc'
(see section Startup File). A command thus invoked will be executed
after the commands in `.wgetrc', thus taking precedence over
them.
- `-o logfile'
-
- `--output-file=logfile'
-
Log all messages to logfile. The messages are normally reported
to standard error.
- `-a logfile'
-
- `--append-output=logfile'
-
Append to logfile. This is the same as `-o', only it appends
to logfile instead of overwriting the old log file. If
logfile does not exist, a new file is created.
- `-d'
-
- `--debug'
-
Turn on debug output, meaning various information important to the
developers of Wget if it does not work properly. Your system
administrator may have chosen to compile Wget without debug support, in
which case `-d' will not work. Please note that compiling with
debug support is always safe--Wget compiled with the debug support will
not print any debug info unless requested with `-d'.
See section Reporting Bugs, for more information on how to use `-d' for
sending bug reports.
- `-q'
-
- `--quiet'
-
Turn off Wget's output.
- `-v'
-
- `--verbose'
-
Turn on verbose output, with all the available data. The default output
is verbose.
- `-nv'
-
- `--non-verbose'
-
Non-verbose output--turn off verbose without being completely quiet
(use `-q' for that), which means that error messages and basic
information still get printed.
- `-i file'
-
- `--input-file=file'
-
Read URLs from file, in which case no URLs need to be on
the command line. If there are URLs both on the command line and
in an input file, those on the command lines will be the first ones to
be retrieved. The file need not be an HTML document (but no
harm if it is)---it is enough if the URLs are just listed
sequentially.
However, if you specify `--force-html', the document will be
regarded as `html'. In that case you may have problems with
relative links, which you can solve either by adding
<base
href="url">
to the documents or by specifying
`--base=url' on the command line.
- `-F'
-
- `--force-html'
-
When input is read from a file, force it to be treated as an HTML
file. This enables you to retrieve relative links from existing
HTML files on your local disk, by adding
<base
href="url">
to HTML, or using the `--base' command-line
option.
- `-B URL'
-
- `--base=URL'
-
When used in conjunction with `-F', prepends URL to relative
links in the file specified by `-i'.
- `--bind-address=ADDRESS'
-
When making client TCP/IP connections,
bind()
to ADDRESS on
the local machine. ADDRESS may be specified as a hostname or IP
address. This option can be useful if your machine is bound to multiple
IPs.
- `-t number'
-
- `--tries=number'
-
Set number of retries to number. Specify 0 or `inf' for
infinite retrying.
- `-O file'
-
- `--output-document=file'
-
The documents will not be written to the appropriate files, but all will
be concatenated together and written to file. If file
already exists, it will be overwritten. If the file is `-',
the documents will be written to standard output. Including this option
automatically sets the number of tries to 1.
- `-nc'
-
- `--no-clobber'
-
If a file is downloaded more than once in the same directory, Wget's
behavior depends on a few options, including `-nc'. In certain
cases, the local file will be clobbered, or overwritten, upon
repeated download. In other cases it will be preserved.
When running Wget without `-N', `-nc', or `-r',
downloading the same file in the same directory will result in the
original copy of file being preserved and the second copy being
named `file.1'. If that file is downloaded yet again, the
third copy will be named `file.2', and so on. When
`-nc' is specified, this behavior is suppressed, and Wget will
refuse to download newer copies of `file'. Therefore,
"
no-clobber
" is actually a misnomer in this mode--it's not
clobbering that's prevented (as the numeric suffixes were already
preventing clobbering), but rather the multiple version saving that's
prevented.
When running Wget with `-r', but without `-N' or `-nc',
re-downloading a file will result in the new copy simply overwriting the
old. Adding `-nc' will prevent this behavior, instead causing the
original version to be preserved and any newer copies on the server to
be ignored.
When running Wget with `-N', with or without `-r', the
decision as to whether or not to download a newer copy of a file depends
on the local and remote timestamp and size of the file
(see section Time-Stamping). `-nc' may not be specified at the same
time as `-N'.
Note that when `-nc' is specified, files with the suffixes
`.html' or (yuck) `.htm' will be loaded from the local disk
and parsed as if they had been retrieved from the Web.
- `-c'
-
- `--continue'
-
Continue getting an existing file. This is useful when you want to
finish up the download started by another program, or a previous
instance of Wget. Thus you can write:
wget -c ftp://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/ls-lR.Z
If there is a file name `ls-lR.Z' in the current directory, Wget
will assume that it is the first portion of the remote file, and will
require the server to continue the retrieval from an offset equal to the
length of the local file.
Note that you need not specify this option if all you want is Wget to
continue retrieving where it left off when the connection is lost--Wget
does this by default. You need this option only when you want to
continue retrieval of a file already halfway retrieved, saved by another
FTP client, or left by Wget being killed.
Without `-c', the previous example would just begin to download the
remote file to `ls-lR.Z.1'. The `-c' option is also
applicable for HTTP servers that support the Range
header.
Note that if you use `-c' on a file that's already downloaded
completely, `file' will not be changed, nor will a second
`file.1' copy be created.
- `--dot-style=style'
-
Set the retrieval style to style. Wget traces the retrieval of
each document by printing dots on the screen, each dot representing a
fixed amount of retrieved data. Any number of dots may be separated in
a cluster, to make counting easier. This option allows you to
choose one of the pre-defined styles, determining the number of bytes
represented by a dot, the number of dots in a cluster, and the number of
dots on the line.
With the
default
style each dot represents 1K, there are ten dots
in a cluster and 50 dots in a line. The binary
style has a more
"computer"-like orientation--8K dots, 16-dots clusters and 48 dots
per line (which makes for 384K lines). The mega
style is
suitable for downloading very large files--each dot represents 64K
retrieved, there are eight dots in a cluster, and 48 dots on each line
(so each line contains 3M). The micro
style is exactly the
reverse; it is suitable for downloading small files, with 128-byte dots,
8 dots per cluster, and 48 dots (6K) per line.
- `-N'
-
- `--timestamping'
-
Turn on time-stamping. See section Time-Stamping, for details.
- `-S'
-
- `--server-response'
-
Print the headers sent by HTTP servers and responses sent by
FTP servers.
- `--spider'
-
When invoked with this option, Wget will behave as a Web spider,
which means that it will not download the pages, just check that they
are there. You can use it to check your bookmarks, e.g. with:
wget --spider --force-html -i bookmarks.html
This feature needs much more work for Wget to get close to the
functionality of real WWW spiders.
- `-T seconds'
-
- `--timeout=seconds'
-
Set the read timeout to seconds seconds. Whenever a network read
is issued, the file descriptor is checked for a timeout, which could
otherwise leave a pending connection (uninterrupted read). The default
timeout is 900 seconds (fifteen minutes). Setting timeout to 0 will
disable checking for timeouts.
Please do not lower the default timeout value with this option unless
you know what you are doing.
- `-w seconds'
-
- `--wait=seconds'
-
Wait the specified number of seconds between the retrievals. Use of
this option is recommended, as it lightens the server load by making the
requests less frequent. Instead of in seconds, the time can be
specified in minutes using the
m
suffix, in hours using h
suffix, or in days using d
suffix.
Specifying a large value for this option is useful if the network or the
destination host is down, so that Wget can wait long enough to
reasonably expect the network error to be fixed before the retry.
- `--waitretry=seconds'
-
If you don't want Wget to wait between every retrieval, but only
between retries of failed downloads, you can use this option. Wget will
use linear backoff, waiting 1 second after the first failure on a
given file, then waiting 2 seconds after the second failure on that
file, up to the maximum number of seconds you specify. Therefore,
a value of 10 will actually make Wget wait up to (1 + 2 + ... + 10) = 55
seconds per file.
Note that this option is turned on by default in the global
`wgetrc' file.
- `-Y on/off'
-
- `--proxy=on/off'
-
Turn proxy support on or off. The proxy is on by default if the
appropriate environmental variable is defined.
- `-Q quota'
-
- `--quota=quota'
-
Specify download quota for automatic retrievals. The value can be
specified in bytes (default), kilobytes (with `k' suffix), or
megabytes (with `m' suffix).
Note that quota will never affect downloading a single file. So if you
specify `wget -Q10k ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/ls-lR.gz', all of the
`ls-lR.gz' will be downloaded. The same goes even when several
URLs are specified on the command-line. However, quota is
respected when retrieving either recursively, or from an input file.
Thus you may safely type `wget -Q2m -i sites'---download will be
aborted when the quota is exceeded.
Setting quota to 0 or to `inf' unlimits the download quota.
- `-nd'
-
- `--no-directories'
-
Do not create a hierarchy of directories when retrieving recursively.
With this option turned on, all files will get saved to the current
directory, without clobbering (if a name shows up more than once, the
filenames will get extensions `.n').
- `-x'
-
- `--force-directories'
-
The opposite of `-nd'---create a hierarchy of directories, even if
one would not have been created otherwise. E.g. `wget -x
http://fly.srk.fer.hr/robots.txt' will save the downloaded file to
`fly.srk.fer.hr/robots.txt'.
- `-nH'
-
- `--no-host-directories'
-
Disable generation of host-prefixed directories. By default, invoking
Wget with `-r http://fly.srk.fer.hr/' will create a structure of
directories beginning with `fly.srk.fer.hr/'. This option disables
such behavior.
- `--cut-dirs=number'
-
Ignore number directory components. This is useful for getting a
fine-grained control over the directory where recursive retrieval will
be saved.
Take, for example, the directory at
`ftp://ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/'. If you retrieve it with
`-r', it will be saved locally under
`ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/'. While the `-nH' option can
remove the `ftp.xemacs.org/' part, you are still stuck with
`pub/xemacs'. This is where `--cut-dirs' comes in handy; it
makes Wget not "see" number remote directory components. Here
are several examples of how `--cut-dirs' option works.
No options -> ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/
-nH -> pub/xemacs/
-nH --cut-dirs=1 -> xemacs/
-nH --cut-dirs=2 -> .
--cut-dirs=1 -> ftp.xemacs.org/xemacs/
...
If you just want to get rid of the directory structure, this option is
similar to a combination of `-nd' and `-P'. However, unlike
`-nd', `--cut-dirs' does not lose with subdirectories--for
instance, with `-nH --cut-dirs=1', a `beta/' subdirectory will
be placed to `xemacs/beta', as one would expect.
- `-P prefix'
-
- `--directory-prefix=prefix'
-
Set directory prefix to prefix. The directory prefix is the
directory where all other files and subdirectories will be saved to,
i.e. the top of the retrieval tree. The default is `.' (the
current directory).
- `-E'
-
- `--html-extension'
-
If a file of type `text/html' is downloaded and the URL does not
end with the regexp `\.[Hh][Tt][Mm][Ll]?', this option will cause
the suffix `.html' to be appended to the local filename. This is
useful, for instance, when you're mirroring a remote site that uses
`.asp' pages, but you want the mirrored pages to be viewable on
your stock Apache server. Another good use for this is when you're
downloading the output of CGIs. A URL like
`http://site.com/article.cgi?25' will be saved as
`article.cgi?25.html'.
Note that filenames changed in this way will be re-downloaded every time
you re-mirror a site, because Wget can't tell that the local
`X.html' file corresponds to remote URL `X' (since
it doesn't yet know that the URL produces output of type
`text/html'. To prevent this re-downloading, you must use
`-k' and `-K' so that the original version of the file will be
saved as `X.orig' (see section Recursive Retrieval Options).
- `--http-user=user'
-
- `--http-passwd=password'
-
Specify the username user and password password on an
HTTP server. According to the type of the challenge, Wget will
encode them using either the
basic
(insecure) or the
digest
authentication scheme.
Another way to specify username and password is in the URL itself
(see section URL Format). For more information about security issues with
Wget, See section Security Considerations.
- `-C on/off'
-
- `--cache=on/off'
-
When set to off, disable server-side cache. In this case, Wget will
send the remote server an appropriate directive (`Pragma:
no-cache') to get the file from the remote service, rather than
returning the cached version. This is especially useful for retrieving
and flushing out-of-date documents on proxy servers.
Caching is allowed by default.
- `--ignore-length'
-
Unfortunately, some HTTP servers (CGI programs, to be more
precise) send out bogus
Content-Length
headers, which makes Wget
go wild, as it thinks not all the document was retrieved. You can spot
this syndrome if Wget retries getting the same document again and again,
each time claiming that the (otherwise normal) connection has closed on
the very same byte.
With this option, Wget will ignore the Content-Length
header--as
if it never existed.
- `--header=additional-header'
-
Define an additional-header to be passed to the HTTP servers.
Headers must contain a `:' preceded by one or more non-blank
characters, and must not contain newlines.
You may define more than one additional header by specifying
`--header' more than once.
wget --header='Accept-Charset: iso-8859-2' \
--header='Accept-Language: hr' \
http://fly.srk.fer.hr/
Specification of an empty string as the header value will clear all
previous user-defined headers.
- `--proxy-user=user'
-
- `--proxy-passwd=password'
-
Specify the username user and password password for
authentication on a proxy server. Wget will encode them using the
basic
authentication scheme.
- `--referer=url'
-
Include `Referer: url' header in HTTP request. Useful for
retrieving documents with server-side processing that assume they are
always being retrieved by interactive web browsers and only come out
properly when Referer is set to one of the pages that point to them.
- `-s'
-
- `--save-headers'
-
Save the headers sent by the HTTP server to the file, preceding the
actual contents, with an empty line as the separator.
- `-U agent-string'
-
- `--user-agent=agent-string'
-
Identify as agent-string to the HTTP server.
The HTTP protocol allows the clients to identify themselves using a
User-Agent
header field. This enables distinguishing the
WWW software, usually for statistical purposes or for tracing of
protocol violations. Wget normally identifies as
`Wget/version', version being the current version
number of Wget.
However, some sites have been known to impose the policy of tailoring
the output according to the User-Agent
-supplied information.
While conceptually this is not such a bad idea, it has been abused by
servers denying information to clients other than Mozilla
or
Microsoft Internet Explorer
. This option allows you to change
the User-Agent
line issued by Wget. Use of this option is
discouraged, unless you really know what you are doing.
- `--retr-symlinks'
-
Usually, when retrieving FTP directories recursively and a symbolic
link is encountered, the linked-to file is not downloaded. Instead, a
matching symbolic link is created on the local filesystem. The
pointed-to file will not be downloaded unless this recursive retrieval
would have encountered it separately and downloaded it anyway.
When `--retr-symlinks' is specified, however, symbolic links are
traversed and the pointed-to files are retrieved. At this time, this
option does not cause Wget to traverse symlinks to directories and
recurse through them, but in the future it should be enhanced to do
this.
Note that when retrieving a file (not a directory) because it was
specified on the commandline, rather than because it was recursed to,
this option has no effect. Symbolic links are always traversed in this
case.
- `-g on/off'
-
- `--glob=on/off'
-
Turn FTP globbing on or off. Globbing means you may use the
shell-like special characters (wildcards), like `*',
`?', `[' and `]' to retrieve more than one file from the
same directory at once, like:
wget ftp://gnjilux.srk.fer.hr/*.msg
By default, globbing will be turned on if the URL contains a
globbing character. This option may be used to turn globbing on or off
permanently.
You may have to quote the URL to protect it from being expanded by
your shell. Globbing makes Wget look for a directory listing, which is
system-specific. This is why it currently works only with Unix FTP
servers (and the ones emulating Unix ls
output).
- `--passive-ftp'
-
Use the passive FTP retrieval scheme, in which the client
initiates the data connection. This is sometimes required for FTP
to work behind firewalls.
- `-r'
-
- `--recursive'
-
Turn on recursive retrieving. See section Recursive Retrieval, for more
details.
- `-l depth'
-
- `--level=depth'
-
Specify recursion maximum depth level depth (see section Recursive Retrieval). The default maximum depth is 5.
- `--delete-after'
-
This option tells Wget to delete every single file it downloads,
after having done so. It is useful for pre-fetching popular
pages through a proxy, e.g.:
wget -r -nd --delete-after http://whatever.com/~popular/page/
The `-r' option is to retrieve recursively, and `-nd' to not
create directories.
Note that `--delete-after' deletes files on the local machine. It
does not issue the `DELE' command to remote FTP sites, for
instance. Also note that when `--delete-after' is specified,
`--convert-links' is ignored, so `.orig' files are simply not
created in the first place.
- `-k'
-
- `--convert-links'
-
Convert the non-relative links to relative ones locally. Only the
references to the documents actually downloaded will be converted; the
rest will be left unchanged.
Note that only at the end of the download can Wget know which links have
been downloaded. Because of that, much of the work done by `-k'
will be performed at the end of the downloads.
- `-K'
-
- `--backup-converted'
-
When converting a file, back up the original version with a `.orig'
suffix. Affects the behavior of `-N' (see section HTTP Time-Stamping Internals).
- `-m'
-
- `--mirror'
-
Turn on options suitable for mirroring. This option turns on recursion
and time-stamping, sets infinite recursion depth and keeps FTP
directory listings. It is currently equivalent to
`-r -N -l inf -nr'.
- `-nr'
-
- `--dont-remove-listing'
-
Don't remove the temporary `.listing' files generated by FTP
retrievals. Normally, these files contain the raw directory listings
received from FTP servers. Not removing them can be useful to
access the full remote file list when running a mirror, or for debugging
purposes.
- `-p'
-
- `--page-requisites'
-
This option causes Wget to download all the files that are necessary to
properly display a given HTML page. This includes such things as
inlined images, sounds, and referenced stylesheets.
Ordinarily, when downloading a single HTML page, any requisite documents
that may be needed to display it properly are not downloaded. Using
`-r' together with `-l' can help, but since Wget does not
ordinarily distinguish between external and inlined documents, one is
generally left with "leaf documents" that are missing their
requisites.
For instance, say document `1.html' contains an
<IMG>
tag
referencing `1.gif' and an <A>
tag pointing to external
document `2.html'. Say that `2.html' is the same but that its
image is `2.gif' and it links to `3.html'. Say this
continues up to some arbitrarily high number.
If one executes the command:
wget -r -l 2 http://site/1.html
then `1.html', `1.gif', `2.html', `2.gif', and
`3.html' will be downloaded. As you can see, `3.html' is
without its requisite `3.gif' because Wget is simply counting the
number of hops (up to 2) away from `1.html' in order to determine
where to stop the recursion. However, with this command:
wget -r -l 2 -p http://site/1.html
all the above files and `3.html''s requisite `3.gif'
will be downloaded. Similarly,
wget -r -l 1 -p http://site/1.html
will cause `1.html', `1.gif', `2.html', and `2.gif'
to be downloaded. One might think that:
wget -r -l 0 -p http://site/1.html
would download just `1.html' and `1.gif', but unfortunately
this is not the case, because `-l 0' is equivalent to
`-l inf'---that is, infinite recursion. To download a single HTML
page (or a handful of them, all specified on the commandline or in a
`-i' URL input file) and its requisites, simply leave off
`-p' and `-l':
wget -p http://site/1.html
Note that Wget will behave as if `-r' had been specified, but only
that single page and its requisites will be downloaded. Links from that
page to external documents will not be followed. Actually, to download
a single page and all its requisites (even if they exist on separate
websites), and make sure the lot displays properly locally, this author
likes to use a few options in addition to `-p':
wget -E -H -k -K -nh -p http://site/document
To finish off this topic, it's worth knowing that Wget's idea of an
external document link is any URL specified in an <A>
tag, an
<AREA>
tag, or a <LINK>
tag other than <LINK
REL="stylesheet">
.
- `-A acclist --accept acclist'
-
- `-R rejlist --reject rejlist'
-
Specify comma-separated lists of file name suffixes or patterns to
accept or reject (see section Types of Files for more details).
- `-D domain-list'
-
- `--domains=domain-list'
-
Set domains to be accepted and DNS looked-up, where
domain-list is a comma-separated list. Note that it does
not turn on `-H'. This option speeds things up, even if
only one host is spanned (see section Domain Acceptance).
- `--exclude-domains domain-list'
-
Exclude the domains given in a comma-separated domain-list from
DNS-lookup (see section Domain Acceptance).
- `--follow-ftp'
-
Follow FTP links from HTML documents. Without this option,
Wget will ignore all the FTP links.
- `--follow-tags=list'
-
Wget has an internal table of HTML tag / attribute pairs that it
considers when looking for linked documents during a recursive
retrieval. If a user wants only a subset of those tags to be
considered, however, he or she should be specify such tags in a
comma-separated list with this option.
- `-G list'
-
- `--ignore-tags=list'
-
This is the opposite of the `--follow-tags' option. To skip
certain HTML tags when recursively looking for documents to download,
specify them in a comma-separated list.
In the past, the `-G' option was the best bet for downloading a
single page and its requisites, using a commandline like:
wget -Ga,area -H -k -K -nh -r http://site/document
However, the author of this option came across a page with tags like
<LINK REL="home" HREF="/">
and came to the realization that
`-G' was not enough. One can't just tell Wget to ignore
<LINK>
, because then stylesheets will not be downloaded. Now the
best bet for downloading a single page and its requisites is the
dedicated `--page-requisites' option.
- `-H'
-
- `--span-hosts'
-
Enable spanning across hosts when doing recursive retrieving (see section All Hosts).
- `-L'
-
- `--relative'
-
Follow relative links only. Useful for retrieving a specific home page
without any distractions, not even those from the same hosts
(see section Relative Links).
- `-I list'
-
- `--include-directories=list'
-
Specify a comma-separated list of directories you wish to follow when
downloading (see section Directory-Based Limits for more details.) Elements
of list may contain wildcards.
- `-X list'
-
- `--exclude-directories=list'
-
Specify a comma-separated list of directories you wish to exclude from
download (see section Directory-Based Limits for more details.) Elements of
list may contain wildcards.
- `-nh'
-
- `--no-host-lookup'
-
Disable the time-consuming DNS lookup of almost all hosts
(see section Host Checking).
- `-np'
-
- `--no-parent'
-
Do not ever ascend to the parent directory when retrieving recursively.
This is a useful option, since it guarantees that only the files
below a certain hierarchy will be downloaded.
See section Directory-Based Limits, for more details.
GNU Wget is capable of traversing parts of the Web (or a single
HTTP or FTP server), depth-first following links and directory
structure. This is called recursive retrieving, or
recursion.
With HTTP URLs, Wget retrieves and parses the HTML from
the given URL, documents, retrieving the files the HTML
document was referring to, through markups like href
, or
src
. If the freshly downloaded file is also of type
text/html
, it will be parsed and followed further.
The maximum depth to which the retrieval may descend is specified
with the `-l' option (the default maximum depth is five layers).
See section Recursive Retrieval.
When retrieving an FTP URL recursively, Wget will retrieve all
the data from the given directory tree (including the subdirectories up
to the specified depth) on the remote server, creating its mirror image
locally. FTP retrieval is also limited by the depth
parameter.
By default, Wget will create a local directory tree, corresponding to
the one found on the remote server.
Recursive retrieving can find a number of applications, the most
important of which is mirroring. It is also useful for WWW
presentations, and any other opportunities where slow network
connections should be bypassed by storing the files locally.
You should be warned that invoking recursion may cause grave overloading
on your system, because of the fast exchange of data through the
network; all of this may hamper other users' work. The same stands for
the foreign server you are mirroring--the more requests it gets in a
rows, the greater is its load.
Careless retrieving can also fill your file system uncontrollably, which
can grind the machine to a halt.
The load can be minimized by lowering the maximum recursion level
(`-l') and/or by lowering the number of retries (`-t'). You
may also consider using the `-w' option to slow down your requests
to the remote servers, as well as the numerous options to narrow the
number of followed links (see section Following Links).
Recursive retrieval is a good thing when used properly. Please take all
precautions not to wreak havoc through carelessness.
When retrieving recursively, one does not wish to retrieve loads of
unnecessary data. Most of the time the users bear in mind exactly what
they want to download, and want Wget to follow only specific links.
For example, if you wish to download the music archive from
`fly.srk.fer.hr', you will not want to download all the home pages
that happen to be referenced by an obscure part of the archive.
Wget possesses several mechanisms that allows you to fine-tune which
links it will follow.
When only relative links are followed (option `-L'), recursive
retrieving will never span hosts. No time-expensive DNS-lookups
will be performed, and the process will be very fast, with the minimum
strain of the network. This will suit your needs often, especially when
mirroring the output of various x2html
converters, since they
generally output relative links.
The drawback of following the relative links solely is that humans often
tend to mix them with absolute links to the very same host, and the very
same page. In this mode (which is the default mode for following links)
all URLs that refer to the same host will be retrieved.
The problem with this option are the aliases of the hosts and domains.
Thus there is no way for Wget to know that `regoc.srce.hr' and
`www.srce.hr' are the same host, or that `fly.srk.fer.hr' is
the same as `fly.cc.fer.hr'. Whenever an absolute link is
encountered, the host is DNS-looked-up with gethostbyname
to
check whether we are maybe dealing with the same hosts. Although the
results of gethostbyname
are cached, it is still a great
slowdown, e.g. when dealing with large indices of home pages on different
hosts (because each of the hosts must be DNS-resolved to see
whether it just might be an alias of the starting host).
To avoid the overhead you may use `-nh', which will turn off
DNS-resolving and make Wget compare hosts literally. This will
make things run much faster, but also much less reliable
(e.g. `www.srce.hr' and `regoc.srce.hr' will be flagged as
different hosts).
Note that modern HTTP servers allow one IP address to host several
virtual servers, each having its own directory hierarchy. Such
"servers" are distinguished by their hostnames (all of which point to
the same IP address); for this to work, a client must send a Host
header, which is what Wget does. However, in that case Wget must
not try to divine a host's "real" address, nor try to use the same
hostname for each access, i.e. `-nh' must be turned on.
In other words, the `-nh' option must be used to enable the
retrieval from virtual servers distinguished by their hostnames. As the
number of such server setups grow, the behavior of `-nh' may become
the default in the future.
With the `-D' option you may specify the domains that will be
followed. The hosts the domain of which is not in this list will not be
DNS-resolved. Thus you can specify `-Dmit.edu' just to make
sure that nothing outside of MIT gets looked up. This is
very important and useful. It also means that `-D' does not
imply `-H' (span all hosts), which must be specified explicitly.
Feel free to use this options since it will speed things up, with almost
all the reliability of checking for all hosts. Thus you could invoke
wget -r -D.hr http://fly.srk.fer.hr/
to make sure that only the hosts in `.hr' domain get
DNS-looked-up for being equal to `fly.srk.fer.hr'. So
`fly.cc.fer.hr' will be checked (only once!) and found equal, but
`www.gnu.ai.mit.edu' will not even be checked.
Of course, domain acceptance can be used to limit the retrieval to
particular domains with spanning of hosts in them, but then you must
specify `-H' explicitly. E.g.:
wget -r -H -Dmit.edu,stanford.edu http://www.mit.edu/
will start with `http://www.mit.edu/', following links across
MIT and Stanford.
If there are domains you want to exclude specifically, you can do it
with `--exclude-domains', which accepts the same type of arguments
of `-D', but will exclude all the listed domains. For
example, if you want to download all the hosts from `foo.edu'
domain, with the exception of `sunsite.foo.edu', you can do it like
this:
wget -rH -Dfoo.edu --exclude-domains sunsite.foo.edu http://www.foo.edu/
When `-H' is specified without `-D', all hosts are freely
spanned. There are no restrictions whatsoever as to what part of the
net Wget will go to fetch documents, other than maximum retrieval depth.
If a page references `www.yahoo.com', so be it. Such an option is
rarely useful for itself.
When downloading material from the web, you will often want to restrict
the retrieval to only certain file types. For example, if you are
interested in downloading GIFs, you will not be overjoyed to get
loads of PostScript documents, and vice versa.
Wget offers two options to deal with this problem. Each option
description lists a short name, a long name, and the equivalent command
in `.wgetrc'.
- `-A acclist'
-
- `--accept acclist'
-
- `accept = acclist'
-
The argument to `--accept' option is a list of file suffixes or
patterns that Wget will download during recursive retrieval. A suffix
is the ending part of a file, and consists of "normal" letters,
e.g. `gif' or `.jpg'. A matching pattern contains shell-like
wildcards, e.g. `books*' or `zelazny*196[0-9]*'.
So, specifying `wget -A gif,jpg' will make Wget download only the
files ending with `gif' or `jpg', i.e. GIFs and
JPEGs. On the other hand, `wget -A "zelazny*196[0-9]*"' will
download only files beginning with `zelazny' and containing numbers
from 1960 to 1969 anywhere within. Look up the manual of your shell for
a description of how pattern matching works.
Of course, any number of suffixes and patterns can be combined into a
comma-separated list, and given as an argument to `-A'.
- `-R rejlist'
-
- `--reject rejlist'
-
- `reject = rejlist'
-
The `--reject' option works the same way as `--accept', only
its logic is the reverse; Wget will download all files except the
ones matching the suffixes (or patterns) in the list.
So, if you want to download a whole page except for the cumbersome
MPEGs and .AU files, you can use `wget -R mpg,mpeg,au'.
Analogously, to download all files except the ones beginning with
`bjork', use `wget -R "bjork*"'. The quotes are to prevent
expansion by the shell.
The `-A' and `-R' options may be combined to achieve even
better fine-tuning of which files to retrieve. E.g. `wget -A
"*zelazny*" -R .ps' will download all the files having `zelazny' as
a part of their name, but not the PostScript files.
Note that these two options do not affect the downloading of HTML
files; Wget must load all the HTMLs to know where to go at
all--recursive retrieval would make no sense otherwise.
Regardless of other link-following facilities, it is often useful to
place the restriction of what files to retrieve based on the directories
those files are placed in. There can be many reasons for this--the
home pages may be organized in a reasonable directory structure; or some
directories may contain useless information, e.g. `/cgi-bin' or
`/dev' directories.
Wget offers three different options to deal with this requirement. Each
option description lists a short name, a long name, and the equivalent
command in `.wgetrc'.
- `-I list'
-
- `--include list'
-
- `include_directories = list'
-
`-I' option accepts a comma-separated list of directories included
in the retrieval. Any other directories will simply be ignored. The
directories are absolute paths.
So, if you wish to download from `http://host/people/bozo/'
following only links to bozo's colleagues in the `/people'
directory and the bogus scripts in `/cgi-bin', you can specify:
wget -I /people,/cgi-bin http://host/people/bozo/
- `-X list'
-
- `--exclude list'
-
- `exclude_directories = list'
-
`-X' option is exactly the reverse of `-I'---this is a list of
directories excluded from the download. E.g. if you do not want
Wget to download things from `/cgi-bin' directory, specify `-X
/cgi-bin' on the command line.
The same as with `-A'/`-R', these two options can be combined
to get a better fine-tuning of downloading subdirectories. E.g. if you
want to load all the files from `/pub' hierarchy except for
`/pub/worthless', specify `-I/pub -X/pub/worthless'.
- `-np'
-
- `--no-parent'
-
- `no_parent = on'
-
The simplest, and often very useful way of limiting directories is
disallowing retrieval of the links that refer to the hierarchy
above than the beginning directory, i.e. disallowing ascent to the
parent directory/directories.
The `--no-parent' option (short `-np') is useful in this case.
Using it guarantees that you will never leave the existing hierarchy.
Supposing you issue Wget with:
wget -r --no-parent http://somehost/~luzer/my-archive/
You may rest assured that none of the references to
`/~his-girls-homepage/' or `/~luzer/all-my-mpegs/' will be
followed. Only the archive you are interested in will be downloaded.
Essentially, `--no-parent' is similar to
`-I/~luzer/my-archive', only it handles redirections in a more
intelligent fashion.
The rules for FTP are somewhat specific, as it is necessary for
them to be. FTP links in HTML documents are often included
for purposes of reference, and it is often inconvenient to download them
by default.
To have FTP links followed from HTML documents, you need to
specify the `--follow-ftp' option. Having done that, FTP
links will span hosts regardless of `-H' setting. This is logical,
as FTP links rarely point to the same host where the HTTP
server resides. For similar reasons, the `-L' options has no
effect on such downloads. On the other hand, domain acceptance
(`-D') and suffix rules (`-A' and `-R') apply normally.
Also note that followed links to FTP directories will not be
retrieved recursively further.
One of the most important aspects of mirroring information from the
Internet is updating your archives.
Downloading the whole archive again and again, just to replace a few
changed files is expensive, both in terms of wasted bandwidth and money,
and the time to do the update. This is why all the mirroring tools
offer the option of incremental updating.
Such an updating mechanism means that the remote server is scanned in
search of new files. Only those new files will be downloaded in
the place of the old ones.
A file is considered new if one of these two conditions are met:
-
A file of that name does not already exist locally.
-
A file of that name does exist, but the remote file was modified more
recently than the local file.
To implement this, the program needs to be aware of the time of last
modification of both remote and local files. Such information are
called the time-stamps.
The time-stamping in GNU Wget is turned on using `--timestamping'
(`-N') option, or through timestamping = on
directive in
`.wgetrc'. With this option, for each file it intends to download,
Wget will check whether a local file of the same name exists. If it
does, and the remote file is older, Wget will not download it.
If the local file does not exist, or the sizes of the files do not
match, Wget will download the remote file no matter what the time-stamps
say.
The usage of time-stamping is simple. Say you would like to download a
file so that it keeps its date of modification.
wget -S http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu/
A simple ls -l
shows that the time stamp on the local file equals
the state of the Last-Modified
header, as returned by the server.
As you can see, the time-stamping info is preserved locally, even
without `-N'.
Several days later, you would like Wget to check if the remote file has
changed, and download it if it has.
wget -N http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu/
Wget will ask the server for the last-modified date. If the local file
is newer, the remote file will not be re-fetched. However, if the remote
file is more recent, Wget will proceed fetching it normally.
The same goes for FTP. For example:
wget ftp://ftp.ifi.uio.no/pub/emacs/gnus/*
ls
will show that the timestamps are set according to the state
on the remote server. Reissuing the command with `-N' will make
Wget re-fetch only the files that have been modified.
In both HTTP and FTP retrieval Wget will time-stamp the local
file correctly (with or without `-N') if it gets the stamps,
i.e. gets the directory listing for FTP or the Last-Modified
header for HTTP.
If you wished to mirror the GNU archive every week, you would use the
following command every week:
wget --timestamping -r ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/
Time-stamping in HTTP is implemented by checking of the
Last-Modified
header. If you wish to retrieve the file
`foo.html' through HTTP, Wget will check whether
`foo.html' exists locally. If it doesn't, `foo.html' will be
retrieved unconditionally.
If the file does exist locally, Wget will first check its local
time-stamp (similar to the way ls -l
checks it), and then send a
HEAD
request to the remote server, demanding the information on
the remote file.
The Last-Modified
header is examined to find which file was
modified more recently (which makes it "newer"). If the remote file
is newer, it will be downloaded; if it is older, Wget will give
up.(2)
When `--backup-converted' (`-K') is specified in conjunction
with `-N', server file `X' is compared to local file
`X.orig', if extant, rather than being compared to local file
`X', which will always differ if it's been converted by
`--convert-links' (`-k').
Arguably, HTTP time-stamping should be implemented using the
If-Modified-Since
request.
In theory, FTP time-stamping works much the same as HTTP, only
FTP has no headers--time-stamps must be received from the
directory listings.
For each directory files must be retrieved from, Wget will use the
LIST
command to get the listing. It will try to analyze the
listing, assuming that it is a Unix ls -l
listing, and extract
the time-stamps. The rest is exactly the same as for HTTP.
Assumption that every directory listing is a Unix-style listing may
sound extremely constraining, but in practice it is not, as many
non-Unix FTP servers use the Unixoid listing format because most
(all?) of the clients understand it. Bear in mind that RFC959
defines no standard way to get a file list, let alone the time-stamps.
We can only hope that a future standard will define this.
Another non-standard solution includes the use of MDTM
command
that is supported by some FTP servers (including the popular
wu-ftpd
), which returns the exact time of the specified file.
Wget may support this command in the future.
Once you know how to change default settings of Wget through command
line arguments, you may wish to make some of those settings permanent.
You can do that in a convenient way by creating the Wget startup
file---`.wgetrc'.
Besides `.wgetrc' is the "main" initialization file, it is
convenient to have a special facility for storing passwords. Thus Wget
reads and interprets the contents of `$HOME/.netrc', if it finds
it. You can find `.netrc' format in your system manuals.
Wget reads `.wgetrc' upon startup, recognizing a limited set of
commands.
When initializing, Wget will look for a global startup file,
`/usr/local/etc/wgetrc' by default (or some prefix other than
`/usr/local', if Wget was not installed there) and read commands
from there, if it exists.
Then it will look for the user's file. If the environmental variable
WGETRC
is set, Wget will try to load that file. Failing that, no
further attempts will be made.
If WGETRC
is not set, Wget will try to load `$HOME/.wgetrc'.
The fact that user's settings are loaded after the system-wide ones
means that in case of collision user's wgetrc overrides the
system-wide wgetrc (in `/usr/local/etc/wgetrc' by default).
Fascist admins, away!
The syntax of a wgetrc command is simple:
variable = value
The variable will also be called command. Valid
values are different for different commands.
The commands are case-insensitive and underscore-insensitive. Thus
`DIr__PrefiX' is the same as `dirprefix'. Empty lines, lines
beginning with `#' and lines containing white-space only are
discarded.
Commands that expect a comma-separated list will clear the list on an
empty command. So, if you wish to reset the rejection list specified in
global `wgetrc', you can do it with:
reject =
The complete set of commands is listed below. Legal values are listed
after the `='. Simple Boolean values can be set or unset using
`on' and `off' or `1' and `0'. A fancier kind of
Boolean allowed in some cases is the lockable Boolean, which may
be set to `on', `off', `always', or `never'. If an
option is set to `always' or `never', that value will be
locked in for the duration of the Wget invocation--commandline options
will not override.
Some commands take pseudo-arbitrary values. address values can be
hostnames or dotted-quad IP addresses. n can be any positive
integer, or `inf' for infinity, where appropriate. string
values can be any non-empty string.
Most of these commands have commandline equivalents (see section Invoking),
though some of the more obscure or rarely used ones do not.
- accept/reject = string
-
Same as `-A'/`-R' (see section Types of Files).
- add_hostdir = on/off
-
Enable/disable host-prefixed file names. `-nH' disables it.
- continue = on/off
-
Enable/disable continuation of the retrieval--the same as `-c'
(which enables it).
- background = on/off
-
Enable/disable going to background--the same as `-b' (which
enables it).
- backup_converted = on/off
-
Enable/disable saving pre-converted files with the suffix
`.orig'---the same as `-K' (which enables it).
- base = string
-
Consider relative URLs in URL input files forced to be
interpreted as HTML as being relative to string---the same as
`-B'.
- bind_address = address
-
Bind to address, like the `--bind-address' option.
- cache = on/off
-
When set to off, disallow server-caching. See the `-C' option.
- convert links = on/off
-
Convert non-relative links locally. The same as `-k'.
- cut_dirs = n
-
Ignore n remote directory components.
- debug = on/off
-
Debug mode, same as `-d'.
- delete_after = on/off
-
Delete after download--the same as `--delete-after'.
- dir_prefix = string
-
Top of directory tree--the same as `-P'.
- dirstruct = on/off
-
Turning dirstruct on or off--the same as `-x' or `-nd',
respectively.
- domains = string
-
Same as `-D' (see section Domain Acceptance).
- dot_bytes = n
-
Specify the number of bytes "contained" in a dot, as seen throughout
the retrieval (1024 by default). You can postfix the value with
`k' or `m', representing kilobytes and megabytes,
respectively. With dot settings you can tailor the dot retrieval to
suit your needs, or you can use the predefined styles
(see section Download Options).
- dots_in_line = n
-
Specify the number of dots that will be printed in each line throughout
the retrieval (50 by default).
- dot_spacing = n
-
Specify the number of dots in a single cluster (10 by default).
- dot_style = string
-
Specify the dot retrieval style, as with `--dot-style'.
- exclude_directories = string
-
Specify a comma-separated list of directories you wish to exclude from
download--the same as `-X' (see section Directory-Based Limits).
- exclude_domains = string
-
Same as `--exclude-domains' (see section Domain Acceptance).
- follow_ftp = on/off
-
Follow FTP links from HTML documents--the same as `-f'.
- follow_tags = string
-
Only follow certain HTML tags when doing a recursive retrieval, just like
`--follow-tags'.
- force_html = on/off
-
If set to on, force the input filename to be regarded as an HTML
document--the same as `-F'.
- ftp_proxy = string
-
Use string as FTP proxy, instead of the one specified in
environment.
- glob = on/off
-
Turn globbing on/off--the same as `-g'.
- header = string
-
Define an additional header, like `--header'.
- html_extension = on/off
-
Add a `.html' extension to `text/html' files without it, like
`-E'.
- http_passwd = string
-
Set HTTP password.
- http_proxy = string
-
Use string as HTTP proxy, instead of the one specified in
environment.
- http_user = string
-
Set HTTP user to string.
- ignore_length = on/off
-
When set to on, ignore
Content-Length
header; the same as
`--ignore-length'.
- ignore_tags = string
-
Ignore certain HTML tags when doing a recursive retrieval, just like
`-G' / `--ignore-tags'.
- include_directories = string
-
Specify a comma-separated list of directories you wish to follow when
downloading--the same as `-I'.
- input = string
-
Read the URLs from string, like `-i'.
- kill_longer = on/off
-
Consider data longer than specified in content-length header as invalid
(and retry getting it). The default behaviour is to save as much data
as there is, provided there is more than or equal to the value in
Content-Length
.
- logfile = string
-
Set logfile--the same as `-o'.
- login = string
-
Your user name on the remote machine, for FTP. Defaults to
`anonymous'.
- mirror = on/off
-
Turn mirroring on/off. The same as `-m'.
- netrc = on/off
-
Turn reading netrc on or off.
- noclobber = on/off
-
Same as `-nc'.
- no_parent = on/off
-
Disallow retrieving outside the directory hierarchy, like
`--no-parent' (see section Directory-Based Limits).
- no_proxy = string
-
Use string as the comma-separated list of domains to avoid in
proxy loading, instead of the one specified in environment.
- output_document = string
-
Set the output filename--the same as `-O'.
- page_requisites = on/off
-
Download all ancillary documents necessary for a single HTML page to
display properly--the same as `-p'.
- passive_ftp = on/off/always/never
-
Set passive FTP---the same as `--passive-ftp'. Some scripts
and `.pm' (Perl module) files download files using `wget
--passive-ftp'. If your firewall does not allow this, you can set
`passive_ftp = never' to override the commandline.
- passwd = string
-
Set your FTP password to password. Without this setting, the
password defaults to `username@hostname.domainname'.
- proxy_user = string
-
Set proxy authentication user name to string, like `--proxy-user'.
- proxy_passwd = string
-
Set proxy authentication password to string, like `--proxy-passwd'.
- referer = string
-
Set HTTP `Referer:' header just like `--referer'. (Note it
was the folks who wrote the HTTP spec who got the spelling of
"referrer" wrong.)
- quiet = on/off
-
Quiet mode--the same as `-q'.
- quota = quota
-
Specify the download quota, which is useful to put in the global
`wgetrc'. When download quota is specified, Wget will stop
retrieving after the download sum has become greater than quota. The
quota can be specified in bytes (default), kbytes `k' appended) or
mbytes (`m' appended). Thus `quota = 5m' will set the quota
to 5 mbytes. Note that the user's startup file overrides system
settings.
- reclevel = n
-
Recursion level--the same as `-l'.
- recursive = on/off
-
Recursive on/off--the same as `-r'.
- relative_only = on/off
-
Follow only relative links--the same as `-L' (see section Relative Links).
- remove_listing = on/off
-
If set to on, remove FTP listings downloaded by Wget. Setting it
to off is the same as `-nr'.
- retr_symlinks = on/off
-
When set to on, retrieve symbolic links as if they were plain files; the
same as `--retr-symlinks'.
- robots = on/off
-
Use (or not) `/robots.txt' file (see section Robots). Be sure to know
what you are doing before changing the default (which is `on').
- server_response = on/off
-
Choose whether or not to print the HTTP and FTP server
responses--the same as `-S'.
- simple_host_check = on/off
-
Same as `-nh' (see section Host Checking).
- span_hosts = on/off
-
Same as `-H'.
- timeout = n
-
Set timeout value--the same as `-T'.
- timestamping = on/off
-
Turn timestamping on/off. The same as `-N' (see section Time-Stamping).
- tries = n
-
Set number of retries per URL---the same as `-t'.
- use_proxy = on/off
-
Turn proxy support on/off. The same as `-Y'.
- verbose = on/off
-
Turn verbose on/off--the same as `-v'/`-nv'.
- wait = n
-
Wait n seconds between retrievals--the same as `-w'.
- waitretry = n
-
Wait up to n seconds between retries of failed retrievals
only--the same as `--waitretry'. Note that this is turned on by
default in the global `wgetrc'.
This is the sample initialization file, as given in the distribution.
It is divided in two section--one for global usage (suitable for global
startup file), and one for local usage (suitable for
`$HOME/.wgetrc'). Be careful about the things you change.
Note that almost all the lines are commented out. For a command to have
any effect, you must remove the `#' character at the beginning of
its line.
###
### Sample Wget initialization file .wgetrc
###
## You can use this file to change the default behaviour of wget or to
## avoid having to type many many command-line options. This file does
## not contain a comprehensive list of commands -- look at the manual
## to find out what you can put into this file.
##
## Wget initialization file can reside in /usr/local/etc/wgetrc
## (global, for all users) or $HOME/.wgetrc (for a single user).
##
## To use the settings in this file, you will have to uncomment them,
## as well as change them, in most cases, as the values on the
## commented-out lines are the default values (e.g. "off").
##
## Global settings (useful for setting up in /usr/local/etc/wgetrc).
## Think well before you change them, since they may reduce wget's
## functionality, and make it behave contrary to the documentation:
##
# You can set retrieve quota for beginners by specifying a value
# optionally followed by 'K' (kilobytes) or 'M' (megabytes). The
# default quota is unlimited.
#quota = inf
# You can lower (or raise) the default number of retries when
# downloading a file (default is 20).
#tries = 20
# Lowering the maximum depth of the recursive retrieval is handy to
# prevent newbies from going too "deep" when they unwittingly start
# the recursive retrieval. The default is 5.
#reclevel = 5
# Many sites are behind firewalls that do not allow initiation of
# connections from the outside. On these sites you have to use the
# `passive' feature of FTP. If you are behind such a firewall, you
# can turn this on to make Wget use passive FTP by default.
#passive_ftp = off
# The "wait" command below makes Wget wait between every connection.
# If, instead, you want Wget to wait only between retries of failed
# downloads, set waitretry to maximum number of seconds to wait (Wget
# will use "linear backoff", waiting 1 second after the first failure
# on a file, 2 seconds after the second failure, etc. up to this max).
waitretry = 10
##
## Local settings (for a user to set in his $HOME/.wgetrc). It is
## *highly* undesirable to put these settings in the global file, since
## they are potentially dangerous to "normal" users.
##
## Even when setting up your own ~/.wgetrc, you should know what you
## are doing before doing so.
##
# Set this to on to use timestamping by default:
#timestamping = off
# It is a good idea to make Wget send your email address in a `From:'
# header with your request (so that server administrators can contact
# you in case of errors). Wget does *not* send `From:' by default.
#header = From: Your Name <username@site.domain>
# You can set up other headers, like Accept-Language. Accept-Language
# is *not* sent by default.
#header = Accept-Language: en
# You can set the default proxy for Wget to use. It will override the
# value in the environment.
#http_proxy = http://proxy.yoyodyne.com:18023/
# If you do not want to use proxy at all, set this to off.
#use_proxy = on
# You can customize the retrieval outlook. Valid options are default,
# binary, mega and micro.
#dot_style = default
# Setting this to off makes Wget not download /robots.txt. Be sure to
# know *exactly* what /robots.txt is and how it is used before changing
# the default!
#robots = on
# It can be useful to make Wget wait between connections. Set this to
# the number of seconds you want Wget to wait.
#wait = 0
# You can force creating directory structure, even if a single is being
# retrieved, by setting this to on.
#dirstruct = off
# You can turn on recursive retrieving by default (don't do this if
# you are not sure you know what it means) by setting this to on.
#recursive = off
# To always back up file X as X.orig before converting its links (due
# to -k / --convert-links / convert_links = on having been specified),
# set this variable to on:
#backup_converted = off
# To have Wget follow FTP links from HTML files by default, set this
# to on:
#follow_ftp = off
The examples are classified into three sections, because of clarity.
The first section is a tutorial for beginners. The second section
explains some of the more complex program features. The third section
contains advice for mirror administrators, as well as even more complex
features (that some would call perverted).
-
Say you want to download a URL. Just type:
wget http://fly.srk.fer.hr/
The response will be something like:
--13:30:45-- http://fly.srk.fer.hr:80/en/
=> `index.html'
Connecting to fly.srk.fer.hr:80... connected!
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 4,694 [text/html]
0K -> .... [100%]
13:30:46 (23.75 KB/s) - `index.html' saved [4694/4694]
-
But what will happen if the connection is slow, and the file is lengthy?
The connection will probably fail before the whole file is retrieved,
more than once. In this case, Wget will try getting the file until it
either gets the whole of it, or exceeds the default number of retries
(this being 20). It is easy to change the number of tries to 45, to
insure that the whole file will arrive safely:
wget --tries=45 http://fly.srk.fer.hr/jpg/flyweb.jpg
-
Now let's leave Wget to work in the background, and write its progress
to log file `log'. It is tiring to type `--tries', so we
shall use `-t'.
wget -t 45 -o log http://fly.srk.fer.hr/jpg/flyweb.jpg &
The ampersand at the end of the line makes sure that Wget works in the
background. To unlimit the number of retries, use `-t inf'.
-
The usage of FTP is as simple. Wget will take care of login and
password.
$ wget ftp://gnjilux.srk.fer.hr/welcome.msg
--10:08:47-- ftp://gnjilux.srk.fer.hr:21/welcome.msg
=> `welcome.msg'
Connecting to gnjilux.srk.fer.hr:21... connected!
Logging in as anonymous ... Logged in!
==> TYPE I ... done. ==> CWD not needed.
==> PORT ... done. ==> RETR welcome.msg ... done.
Length: 1,340 (unauthoritative)
0K -> . [100%]
10:08:48 (1.28 MB/s) - `welcome.msg' saved [1340]
-
If you specify a directory, Wget will retrieve the directory listing,
parse it and convert it to HTML. Try:
wget ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/
lynx index.html
-
You would like to read the list of URLs from a file? Not a problem
with that:
wget -i file
If you specify `-' as file name, the URLs will be read from
standard input.
-
Create a mirror image of GNU WWW site (with the same directory structure
the original has) with only one try per document, saving the log of the
activities to `gnulog':
wget -r -t1 http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu/ -o gnulog
-
Retrieve the first layer of yahoo links:
wget -r -l1 http://www.yahoo.com/
-
Retrieve the index.html of `www.lycos.com', showing the original
server headers:
wget -S http://www.lycos.com/
-
Save the server headers with the file:
wget -s http://www.lycos.com/
more index.html
-
Retrieve the first two levels of `wuarchive.wustl.edu', saving them
to /tmp.
wget -P/tmp -l2 ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/
-
You want to download all the GIFs from an HTTP directory.
`wget http://host/dir/*.gif' doesn't work, since HTTP
retrieval does not support globbing. In that case, use:
wget -r -l1 --no-parent -A.gif http://host/dir/
It is a bit of a kludge, but it works. `-r -l1' means to retrieve
recursively (see section Recursive Retrieval), with maximum depth of 1.
`--no-parent' means that references to the parent directory are
ignored (see section Directory-Based Limits), and `-A.gif' means to
download only the GIF files. `-A "*.gif"' would have worked
too.
-
Suppose you were in the middle of downloading, when Wget was
interrupted. Now you do not want to clobber the files already present.
It would be:
wget -nc -r http://www.gnu.ai.mit.edu/
-
If you want to encode your own username and password to HTTP or
FTP, use the appropriate URL syntax (see section URL Format).
wget ftp://hniksic:mypassword@jagor.srce.hr/.emacs
-
If you do not like the default retrieval visualization (1K dots with 10
dots per cluster and 50 dots per line), you can customize it through dot
settings (see section Wgetrc Commands). For example, many people like the
"binary" style of retrieval, with 8K dots and 512K lines:
wget --dot-style=binary ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/README
You can experiment with other styles, like:
wget --dot-style=mega ftp://ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/xemacs-20.4/xemacs-20.4.tar.gz
wget --dot-style=micro http://fly.srk.fer.hr/
To make these settings permanent, put them in your `.wgetrc', as
described before (see section Sample Wgetrc).
-
If you wish Wget to keep a mirror of a page (or FTP
subdirectories), use `--mirror' (`-m'), which is the shorthand
for `-r -N'. You can put Wget in the crontab file asking it to
recheck a site each Sunday:
crontab
0 0 * * 0 wget --mirror ftp://ftp.xemacs.org/pub/xemacs/ -o /home/me/weeklog
-
You may wish to do the same with someone's home page. But you do not
want to download all those images--you're only interested in HTML.
wget --mirror -A.html http://www.w3.org/
-
But what about mirroring the hosts networkologically close to you? It
seems so awfully slow because of all that DNS resolving. Just use
`-D' (see section Domain Acceptance).
wget -rN -Dsrce.hr http://www.srce.hr/
Now Wget will correctly find out that `regoc.srce.hr' is the same
as `www.srce.hr', but will not even take into consideration the
link to `www.mit.edu'.
-
You have a presentation and would like the dumb absolute links to be
converted to relative? Use `-k':
wget -k -r URL
-
You would like the output documents to go to standard output instead of
to files? OK, but Wget will automatically shut up (turn on
`--quiet') to prevent mixing of Wget output and the retrieved
documents.
wget -O - http://jagor.srce.hr/ http://www.srce.hr/
You can also combine the two options and make weird pipelines to
retrieve the documents from remote hotlists:
wget -O - http://cool.list.com/ | wget --force-html -i -
This chapter contains all the stuff that could not fit anywhere else.
Proxies are special-purpose HTTP servers designed to transfer
data from remote servers to local clients. One typical use of proxies
is lightening network load for users behind a slow connection. This is
achieved by channeling all HTTP and FTP requests through the
proxy which caches the transferred data. When a cached resource is
requested again, proxy will return the data from cache. Another use for
proxies is for companies that separate (for security reasons) their
internal networks from the rest of Internet. In order to obtain
information from the Web, their users connect and retrieve remote data
using an authorized proxy.
Wget supports proxies for both HTTP and FTP retrievals. The
standard way to specify proxy location, which Wget recognizes, is using
the following environment variables:
http_proxy
-
This variable should contain the URL of the proxy for HTTP
connections.
ftp_proxy
-
This variable should contain the URL of the proxy for HTTP
connections. It is quite common that HTTP_PROXY and FTP_PROXY
are set to the same URL.
no_proxy
-
This variable should contain a comma-separated list of domain extensions
proxy should not be used for. For instance, if the value of
no_proxy
is `.mit.edu', proxy will not be used to retrieve
documents from MIT.
In addition to the environment variables, proxy location and settings
may be specified from within Wget itself.
- `-Y on/off'
-
- `--proxy=on/off'
-
- `proxy = on/off'
-
This option may be used to turn the proxy support on or off. Proxy
support is on by default, provided that the appropriate environment
variables are set.
- `http_proxy = URL'
-
- `ftp_proxy = URL'
-
- `no_proxy = string'
-
These startup file variables allow you to override the proxy settings
specified by the environment.
Some proxy servers require authorization to enable you to use them. The
authorization consists of username and password, which must
be sent by Wget. As with HTTP authorization, several
authentication schemes exist. For proxy authorization only the
Basic
authentication scheme is currently implemented.
You may specify your username and password either through the proxy
URL or through the command-line options. Assuming that the
company's proxy is located at `proxy.srce.hr' at port 8001, a proxy
URL location containing authorization data might look like this:
http://hniksic:mypassword@proxy.company.com:8001/
Alternatively, you may use the `proxy-user' and
`proxy-password' options, and the equivalent `.wgetrc'
settings proxy_user
and proxy_passwd
to set the proxy
username and password.
Like all GNU utilities, the latest version of Wget can be found at the
master GNU archive site prep.ai.mit.edu, and its mirrors. For example,
Wget 1.6 can be found at
ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/gnu/wget/wget-1.6.tar.gz
Wget has its own mailing list at wget@sunsite.auc.dk, thanks
to Karsten Thygesen. The mailing list is for discussion of Wget
features and web, reporting Wget bugs (those that you think may be of
interest to the public) and mailing announcements. You are welcome to
subscribe. The more people on the list, the better!
To subscribe, send mail to wget-subscribe@sunsite.auc.dk.
the magic word `subscribe' in the subject line. Unsubscribe by
mailing to wget-unsubscribe@sunsite.auc.dk.
The mailing list is archived at http://fly.srk.fer.hr/archive/wget.
You are welcome to send bug reports about GNU Wget to
bug-wget@gnu.org. The bugs that you think are of the
interest to the public (i.e. more people should be informed about them)
can be Cc-ed to the mailing list at wget@sunsite.auc.dk.
Before actually submitting a bug report, please try to follow a few
simple guidelines.
-
Please try to ascertain that the behaviour you see really is a bug. If
Wget crashes, it's a bug. If Wget does not behave as documented,
it's a bug. If things work strange, but you are not sure about the way
they are supposed to work, it might well be a bug.
-
Try to repeat the bug in as simple circumstances as possible. E.g. if
Wget crashes on `wget -rLl0 -t5 -Y0 http://yoyodyne.com -o
/tmp/log', you should try to see if it will crash with a simpler set of
options.
Also, while I will probably be interested to know the contents of your
`.wgetrc' file, just dumping it into the debug message is probably
a bad idea. Instead, you should first try to see if the bug repeats
with `.wgetrc' moved out of the way. Only if it turns out that
`.wgetrc' settings affect the bug, should you mail me the relevant
parts of the file.
-
Please start Wget with `-d' option and send the log (or the
relevant parts of it). If Wget was compiled without debug support,
recompile it. It is much easier to trace bugs with debug support
on.
-
If Wget has crashed, try to run it in a debugger, e.g.
gdb `which
wget` core
and type where
to get the backtrace.
-
Find where the bug is, fix it and send me the patches. :-)
Since Wget uses GNU Autoconf for building and configuring, and avoids
using "special" ultra--mega--cool features of any particular Unix, it
should compile (and work) on all common Unix flavors.
Various Wget versions have been compiled and tested under many kinds of
Unix systems, including Solaris, Linux, SunOS, OSF (aka Digital Unix),
Ultrix, *BSD, IRIX, and others; refer to the file `MACHINES' in the
distribution directory for a comprehensive list. If you compile it on
an architecture not listed there, please let me know so I can update it.
Wget should also compile on the other Unix systems, not listed in
`MACHINES'. If it doesn't, please let me know.
Thanks to kind contributors, this version of Wget compiles and works on
Microsoft Windows 95 and Windows NT platforms. It has been compiled
successfully using MS Visual C++ 4.0, Watcom, and Borland C compilers,
with Winsock as networking software. Naturally, it is crippled of some
features available on Unix, but it should work as a substitute for
people stuck with Windows. Note that the Windows port is
neither tested nor maintained by me--all questions and
problems should be reported to Wget mailing list at
wget@sunsite.auc.dk where the maintainers will look at them.
Since the purpose of Wget is background work, it catches the hangup
signal (SIGHUP
) and ignores it. If the output was on standard
output, it will be redirected to a file named `wget-log'.
Otherwise, SIGHUP
is ignored. This is convenient when you wish
to redirect the output of Wget after having started it.
$ wget http://www.ifi.uio.no/~larsi/gnus.tar.gz &
$ kill -HUP %% # Redirect the output to wget-log
Other than that, Wget will not try to interfere with signals in any way.
C-c, kill -TERM
and kill -KILL
should kill it alike.
This chapter contains some references I consider useful.
It is extremely easy to make Wget wander aimlessly around a web site,
sucking all the available data in progress. `wget -r site',
and you're set. Great? Not for the server admin.
While Wget is retrieving static pages, there's not much of a problem.
But for Wget, there is no real difference between the smallest static
page and the hardest, most demanding CGI or dynamic page. For instance,
a site I know has a section handled by an, uh, bitchin' CGI script that
converts all the Info files to HTML. The script can and does bring the
machine to its knees without providing anything useful to the
downloader.
For such and similar cases various robot exclusion schemes have been
devised as a means for the server administrators and document authors to
protect chosen portions of their sites from the wandering of robots.
The more popular mechanism is the Robots Exclusion Standard
written by Martijn Koster et al. in 1994. It is specified by placing a
file named `/robots.txt' in the server root, which the robots are
supposed to download and parse. Wget supports this specification.
Norobots support is turned on only when retrieving recursively, and
never for the first page. Thus, you may issue:
wget -r http://fly.srk.fer.hr/
First the index of fly.srk.fer.hr will be downloaded. If Wget finds
anything worth downloading on the same host, only then will it
load the robots, and decide whether or not to load the links after all.
`/robots.txt' is loaded only once per host.
Note that the exlusion standard discussed here has undergone some
revisions. However, but Wget supports only the first version of
RES, the one written by Martijn Koster in 1994, available at
http://info.webcrawler.com/mak/projects/robots/norobots.html. A
later version exists in the form of an internet draft
<draft-koster-robots-00.txt> titled "A Method for Web Robots Control",
which expired on June 4, 1997. I am not aware if it ever made to an
RFC. The text of the draft is available at
http://info.webcrawler.com/mak/projects/robots/norobots-rfc.html.
Wget does not yet support the new directives specified by this draft,
but we plan to add them.
This manual no longer includes the text of the old standard.
The second, less known mechanism, enables the author of an individual
document to specify whether they want the links from the file to be
followed by a robot. This is achieved using the META
tag, like
this:
<meta name="robots" content="nofollow">
This is explained in some detail at
http://info.webcrawler.com/mak/projects/robots/meta-user.html.
Unfortunately, Wget does not support this method of robot exclusion yet,
but it will be implemented in the next release.
When using Wget, you must be aware that it sends unencrypted passwords
through the network, which may present a security problem. Here are the
main issues, and some solutions.
-
The passwords on the command line are visible using
ps
. If this
is a problem, avoid putting passwords from the command line--e.g. you
can use `.netrc' for this.
-
Using the insecure basic authentication scheme, unencrypted
passwords are transmitted through the network routers and gateways.
-
The FTP passwords are also in no way encrypted. There is no good
solution for this at the moment.
-
Although the "normal" output of Wget tries to hide the passwords,
debugging logs show them, in all forms. This problem is avoided by
being careful when you send debug logs (yes, even when you send them to
me).
GNU Wget was written by Hrvoje Nik@v{s}i'{c} hniksic@arsdigita.com.
However, its development could never have gone as far as it has, were it
not for the help of many people, either with bug reports, feature
proposals, patches, or letters saying "Thanks!".
Special thanks goes to the following people (no particular order):
-
Karsten Thygesen--donated system resources such as the mailing list,
web space, and FTP space, along with a lot of time to make these
actually work.
-
Shawn McHorse--bug reports and patches.
-
Kaveh R. Ghazi--on-the-fly
ansi2knr
-ization. Lots of
portability fixes.
-
Gordon Matzigkeit---`.netrc' support.
-
Zlatko @v{C}alu@v{s}i'{c}, Tomislav Vujec and Dra@v{z}en
Ka@v{c}ar--feature suggestions and "philosophical" discussions.
-
Darko Budor--initial port to Windows.
-
Antonio Rosella--help and suggestions, plus the Italian translation.
-
Tomislav Petrovi'{c}, Mario Miko@v{c}evi'{c}---many bug reports and
suggestions.
-
Fran@,{c}ois Pinard--many thorough bug reports and discussions.
-
Karl Eichwalder--lots of help with internationalization and other
things.
-
Junio Hamano--donated support for Opie and HTTP
Digest
authentication.
-
Brian Gough--a generous donation.
The following people have provided patches, bug/build reports, useful
suggestions, beta testing services, fan mail and all the other things
that make maintenance so much fun:
Tim Adam,
Adrian Aichner,
Martin Baehr,
Dieter Baron,
Roger Beeman and the Gurus at Cisco,
Dan Berger,
Mark Boyns,
John Burden,
Wanderlei Cavassin,
Gilles Cedoc,
Tim Charron,
Noel Cragg,
Kristijan @v{C}onka@v{s},
John Daily,
Andrew Davison,
Andrew Deryabin,
Ulrich Drepper,
Marc Duponcheel,
Damir D@v{z}eko,
Aleksandar Erkalovi'{c},
Andy Eskilsson,
Masashi Fujita,
Howard Gayle,
Marcel Gerrits,
Hans Grobler,
Mathieu Guillaume,
Dan Harkless,
Heiko Herold,
Karl Heuer,
HIROSE Masaaki,
Gregor Hoffleit,
Erik Magnus Hulthen,
Richard Huveneers,
Simon Josefsson,
Mario Juri'{c},
Const Kaplinsky,
Goran Kezunovi'{c},
Robert Kleine,
Fila Kolodny,
Alexander Kourakos,
Martin Kraemer,
Hrvoje Lacko,
Daniel S. Lewart,
Dave Love,
Alexander V. Lukyanov,
Jordan Mendelson,
Lin Zhe Min,
Simon Munton,
Charlie Negyesi,
R. K. Owen,
Andrew Pollock,
Steve Pothier,
Jan Prikryl,
Marin Purgar,
Keith Refson,
Tyler Riddle,
Tobias Ringstrom,
Edward J. Sabol,
Heinz Salzmann,
Robert Schmidt,
Andreas Schwab,
Toomas Soome,
Tage Stabell-Kulo,
Sven Sternberger,
Markus Strasser,
Szakacsits Szabolcs,
Mike Thomas,
Russell Vincent,
Charles G Waldman,
Douglas E. Wegscheid,
Jasmin Zainul,
Bojan @v{Z}drnja,
Kristijan Zimmer.
Apologies to all who I accidentally left out, and many thanks to all the
subscribers of the Wget mailing list.
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If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
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one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does.
Copyright (C) 19yy name of author
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Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
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Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
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The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show
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`show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever
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You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
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necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright
interest in the program `Gnomovision'
(which makes passes at compilers) written
by James Hacker.
signature of Ty Coon, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
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Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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PREAMBLE
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
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APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
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VERBATIM COPYING
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COPYING IN QUANTITY
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MODIFICATIONS
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
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COMBINING DOCUMENTS
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Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
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w
.html extension
.netrc
.wgetrc
accept directories
accept suffixes
accept wildcards
all hosts
append to log
arguments
authentication
backing up converted files
base for relative links in input file
bind() address
bug reports
bugs
cache
client IP address
clobbering, file
command line
Content-Length, ignore
continue retrieval
contributors
conversion of links
copying
cut directories
debug
delete after retrieval
directories
directories, exclude
directories, include
directory limits
directory prefix
DNS lookup
dot style
downloading multiple times
examples
exclude directories
execute wgetrc command
features
filling proxy cache
follow FTP links
following ftp links
following links
force html
ftp time-stamping
GFDL
globbing, toggle
GPL
hangup
header, add
host checking
host lookup
http password
http referer
http time-stamping
http user
ignore length
include directories
incremental updating
input-file
invoking
IP address, client
latest version
link conversion
links
list
location of wgetrc
log file
mailing list
mirroring
no parent
no warranty
no-clobber
nohup
number of retries
operating systems
option syntax
output file
overview
page requisites
passive ftp
pause
portability
proxies
proxy, proxy
proxy authentication
proxy filling
proxy password
proxy user
quiet
quota
recursion
recursive retrieval
redirecting output
referer, http
reject directories
reject suffixes
reject wildcards
relative links
reporting bugs
required images, downloading
retries
retries, waiting between
retrieval tracing style
retrieving
robots
robots.txt
sample wgetrc
security
server maintenance
server response, print
server response, save
signal handling
span hosts
spider
startup
startup file
suffixes, accept
suffixes, reject
symbolic links, retrieving
syntax of options
syntax of wgetrc
tag-based recursive pruning
time-stamping
time-stamping usage
timeout
timestamping
tries
types of files
updating the archives
URL
URL syntax
usage, time-stamping
user-agent
various
verbose
wait
waiting between retries
Wget as spider
wgetrc
wgetrc commands
wgetrc location
wgetrc syntax
wildcards, accept
wildcards, reject
This document was generated on 25 April 2001 using
texi2html 1.56k.